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Traumatic Brain Injury

Also called: Caused brain injury, TBI

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Summary

What is traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury that causes impairment to the encephalon. It may happen when in that location is a accident, bump, or jolt to the caput. This is a closed caput injury. A TBI can besides happen when an object penetrates the skull. This is a penetrating injury.

Symptoms of a TBI tin be mild, moderate, or severe. Concussions are a type of mild TBI. The furnishings of a concussion tin can sometimes be serious, simply most people completely recover in fourth dimension. More than severe TBI can atomic number 82 to serious physical and psychological symptoms, coma, and fifty-fifty death.

What causes traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The main causes of TBI depend on the type of head injury:

• Some of the mutual causes of a airtight head injury include
  • Falls. This is the most common cause in adults age 65 and older.
  • Motor vehicle crashes. This is the most mutual cause in immature adults.
  • Sports injuries
  • Being struck by an object
  • Child corruption. This is the most common cause in children under age 4.
  • Blast injuries due to explosions
• Some of the mutual causes of a penetrating injury include
  • Being hit by a bullet or shrapnel
  • Being hit by a weapon such as a hammer, knife, or baseball bat
  • A caput injury that causes a os fragment to penetrate the skull

Some accidents such as explosions, natural disasters, or other extreme events can cause both closed and penetrating TBI in the same person.

Who is at risk for traumatic encephalon injury (TBI)?

Certain groups are at higher risk of TBI:

• Men are more probable to get a TBI than women. They are as well more likely to accept serious TBI.
• Adults anile 65 and older are at the greatest take chances for being hospitalized and dying from a TBI

What are the symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The symptoms of TBI depend on the blazon of injury and how serious the encephalon damage is.

The symptoms of mild TBI can include:

• A brief loss of consciousness in some cases. However, many people with mild TBI remain conscious after the injury.
• Headache
• Defoliation
• Lightheadedness
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision or tired eyes
• Ringing in the ears
• Bad taste in the mouth
• Fatigue or lethargy
• A change in slumber patterns
• Behavioral or mood changes
• Trouble with retentivity, concentration, attention, or thinking

If you accept a moderate or severe TBI, you may have those same symptoms. You may too have other symptoms such equally:

• A headache that gets worse or does not go abroad
• Repeated vomiting or nausea
• Convulsions or seizures
• Non existence able to wake up from sleep
• Larger than normal pupil (dark heart) of one or both eyes. This is called dilation of the pupil.
• Slurred speech
• Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs
• Loss of coordination
• Increased defoliation, restlessness, or agitation

How is traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosed?

If you accept a head injury or other trauma that may take caused a TBI, you need to get medical care equally soon every bit possible. To make a diagnosis, your wellness care provider:

• Volition ask almost your symptoms and the details of your injury
• Volition do a neurologic exam
• May do imaging tests, such equally a CT browse or MRI
• May use a tool such as the Glasgow coma scale to determine how severe the TBI is. This scale measures your ability to open your optics, speak, and motility.
• May exercise neuropsychological tests to check how your brain is functioning

What are the treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

The treatments for TBI depend on many factors, including the size, severity, and location of the brain injury.

For balmy TBI, the main handling is residuum. If you take a headache, you can attempt taking over-the-counter hurting relievers. It is of import to follow your health care provider's instructions for complete rest and a gradual render to your normal activities. If you lot start doing too much also shortly, it may take longer to recover. Contact your provider if your symptoms are not getting better or if you take new symptoms.

For moderate to astringent TBI, the kickoff affair health care providers will practise is stabilize you to prevent further injury. They will manage your blood pressure, check the pressure within your skull, and make sure that there is enough blood and oxygen getting to your brain.

Once you are stable, the treatments may include:

• Surgery to reduce additional damage to your brain, for example to
  • Remove hematomas (clotted blood)
  • Get rid of damaged or dead encephalon tissue
  • Repair skull fractures
  • Salvage pressure in the skull
• Medicines to care for the symptoms of TBI and to lower some of the risks associated with it, such as
  • Anti-anxiety medication to lessen feelings of nervousness and fright
  • Anticoagulants to forbid claret clots
  • Anticonvulsants to prevent seizures
  • Antidepressants to care for symptoms of low and mood instability
  • Musculus relaxants to reduce muscle spasms
  • Stimulants to increase alertness and attention
• Rehabilitation therapies, which tin include therapies for physical, emotional, and cognitive difficulties:
  • Physical therapy, to build physical strength, coordination, and flexibility
  • Occupational therapy, to help you learn or relearn how to perform daily tasks, such as getting dressed, cooking, and bathing
  • Speech therapy, to help you to with speech and other communication skills and treat swallowing disorders
  • Psychological counseling, to help you larn coping skills, work on relationships, and amend your emotional well-being
  • Vocational counseling, which focuses on your ability to render to work and deal with workplace challenges
  • Cognitive therapy, to amend your memory, attention, perception, learning, planning, and judgment

Some people with TBI may have permanent disabilities. A TBI can also put you at risk for other health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Treating these problems can improve your quality of life.

Can traumatic brain injury (TBI) be prevented?

There are steps you lot can accept to prevent head injuries and TBIs:

• Always habiliment your seatbelt and use automobile seats and booster seats for children
• Never bulldoze under the influence of drugs or booze
• Clothing a properly plumbing equipment helmet when riding a bicycle, skateboarding, and playing sports like hockey and football
• Forbid falls past
  • Making your house safer. For example, you can install railings on the stairs and grab bars in the tub, get rid of tripping hazards, and use window guards and stair prophylactic gates for immature children.
  • Improving your balance and strength with regular physical activity

Showtime Here

• What Are Common Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)? (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) As well in Spanish

• Head Trauma: Showtime Aid (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Too in Spanish

• Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations (Merck & Co., Inc.) Also in Castilian
• Cerebral Hypoxia (National Plant of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish
• Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Enquiry) Also in Spanish
• Intracranial Hematoma (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Enquiry) Too in Castilian
• Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Centers for Disease Command and Prevention)

• Brain components (Medical Encyclopedia) Too in Spanish

• Claret-based Biomarker Tin Find, Predict Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury (National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center)
• Life and Death of a Neuron (National Found of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Information (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

• Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) (Nemours Foundation) Also in Castilian
• Shaken Baby Syndrome (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus)
• Shaken Baby Syndrome (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Also in Spanish

• Brain injury - discharge (Medical Encyclopedia) Besides in Castilian
• Chronic subdural hematoma (Medical Encyclopedia) Besides in Spanish
• EEG (Medical Encyclopedia) Too in Spanish
• Head injury - starting time assist (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
• Intracranial pressure monitoring (Medical Encyclopedia) Likewise in Spanish
• Subdural hematoma (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish

Source: https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html

Posted by: baileyingtheas.blogspot.com

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